Verified records
26
10 from full text
Evidence
Limited
24 protocols graded
Grade A / B / C
0 / 1 / 23
A = 3+ papers agree
Every figure was extracted from a published sentence by a rule-based reader, re-derived by a second independent reader, and kept only if both agreed. Unclear sentences were skipped, not guessed. Check the cited paper and validate on your own material before relying on any protocol.
Key findings
- Shoot regeneration & multiplication: MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA. Median response 100% (grade B, 2 papers).
- For shoot regeneration & multiplication, NAA is the most reported regulator (7 papers; typical 0.1–0.15 mg/L, median 0.1).
- For callus induction, 2,4-D is the most reported regulator (3 papers; typical 0.9–2.75 mg/L, median 1.5).
- For rooting, NAA is the most reported regulator (3 papers; typical 0.15–0.6 mg/L, median 0.2).
- 2 atypical doses flagged for a second look.
- No verified data yet for: acclimatization.
Recommended workflow
1
Surface sterilization Evidence C 1 paper
70% ethanol · 30 s → 4% NaOCl · 15 min
Reported by a single paper; treat as a lead to check, not an established protocol.
2
Callus induction Evidence C 1 paper
MS with 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D + 1 mg/L BAP. Median response 57%
Reported by a single paper; treat as a lead to check, not an established protocol. Hormone balance: cytokinin-dominant.
3
Somatic embryogenesis Evidence C 1 paper
Medium not stated with 0.2 mg/L TDZ
Reported by a single paper; treat as a lead to check, not an established protocol. Hormone balance: cytokinin only.
4
Shoot regeneration & multiplication Evidence B 2 papers
MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA. Median response 100%
Two independent papers report this protocol. Hormone balance: auxin only.
5
Rooting Evidence C 1 paper
MS with 0.1 mg/L NAA. Median response 100%
Reported by a single paper; treat as a lead to check, not an established protocol. Hormone balance: auxin only.
Surface sterilization
| # | Grade | Steps | Aseptic | Papers |
|---|
| 1 | C | 70% ethanol · 30 s → 4% NaOCl · 15 min | — | 1 |
| 2* | C | 75% ethanol · 3 min → 8% NaOCl · 8 min | — | 1 |
| 3* | C | 70% ethanol · 40 s → 3% NaOCl · 10 min | — | 1 |
“They were rinsed in 70% ethanol for 30 s, then immersed in a 4% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 min, followed by three washings with sterile distilled water then placed on sterile filter paper to extract the anthers.” [1]
Callus induction
| # | Grade | Growth regulators | Explant | Medium | Outcome | Papers |
|---|
| 1 | C | 2,4-D 0.3 mg/LBAP 1 mg/L | — | MS | 57% | 1 |
| 2 | C | 2,4-D 1.5 mg/LNAA 1 mg/L | — | MS | optimum reported, no figure | 1 |
| 3 | C | 2,4-D 4 mg/L | — | MS | 10% | 1 |
“While the maximum rate of callus induction (56.8%) was detected in MS medium (0.3 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP).” [1]
Somatic embryogenesis
| # | Grade | Growth regulators | Explant | Medium | Outcome | Papers |
|---|
| 1 | C | TDZ 0.2 mg/L | — | - | optimum reported, no figure | 1 |
“For ‘Starbor F2’, 0.2 mg/L TDZ treatment achieved the highest embryogenesis rate (1.83-fold higher than the control group) and direct seeding rate (1.61-fold increase), and the lowest mortality rate.” [2]
Shoot regeneration & multiplication
| # | Grade | Growth regulators | Explant | Medium | Outcome | Papers |
|---|
| 1 | B | NAA 0.1 mg/L | — | MS | 100% | 2 |
| 2 | C | TDZ 0.22 mg/L | hypocotyl | MS | 93% | 1 |
| 3 | C | TDZ 0.33 mg/L | cotyledon | MS | 91%; 3 shoots/explant | 1 |
| 4 | C | TDZ 0.99 mg/LNAA 0.02 mg/L | cotyledon | MS | 84%; 2.6 shoots/explant | 1 |
| 5 | C | TDZ 0.88 mg/LNAA 0.02 mg/L | hypocotyl | MS | 81% | 1 |
| 6 | C | BAP 3 mg/LKinetin 2 mg/L | — | MS | optimum reported, no figure | 1 |
| 7 | C | TDZ 0.5 mg/LNAA 0.1 mg/L | cotyledon | - | 87% | 1 |
| 8 | C | TDZ 0.1 mg/LNAA 0.1 mg/L | cotyledon | - | 77% | 1 |
“High percentage root regeneration (100%) in in vitro developed shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.10mg/l NAA.” [3]
“MS medium supplemented with 0.10 mg/l NAA was found best for root regeneration (100 %) from in vitro developed shoots.” [4]
Rooting
| # | Grade | Growth regulators | Explant | Medium | Outcome | Papers |
|---|
| 1 | C | NAA 0.1 mg/L | — | MS | 100% | 1 |
| 2* | C | NAA 0.2 mg/L | — | MS | 94% | 1 |
| 3* | C | NAA 1 mg/L | — | MS | optimum reported, no figure | 1 |
“Rooting was achieved within two to three weeks on all the rooting media, but MS medium containing 0.10 mg/l NAA produced the maximum number of strong and healthy roots (100%).” [5]
Typical growth regulator doses
One value per paper. Range is the interquartile range with three or more papers, otherwise min–max.
Shoot regeneration & multiplication
| Regulator | Papers | Range, mg/L | Median |
|---|
| NAA | 7 | 0.1–0.15 | 0.1 |
| BAP | 3 | 1.5–2.5 | 2 |
| TDZ | 2 | 0.3–0.605 | 0.453 |
| 2iP | 1 | 2–2 | 2 |
| GA3 | 1 | 0.1–0.1 | 0.1 |
| IAA | 1 | 0.1–0.1 | 0.1 |
| Kinetin | 1 | 2–2 | 2 |
Callus induction
| Regulator | Papers | Range, mg/L | Median |
|---|
| 2,4-D | 3 | 0.9–2.75 | 1.5 |
| BAP | 1 | 1–1 | 1 |
| NAA | 1 | 1–1 | 1 |
Rooting
| Regulator | Papers | Range, mg/L | Median |
|---|
| NAA | 3 | 0.15–0.6 | 0.2 |
Somatic embryogenesis
| Regulator | Papers | Range, mg/L | Median |
|---|
| TDZ | 1 | 0.2–0.2 | 0.2 |
Points to double-check
- Surface sterilization · close competitor: 75% ethanol · 3 min → 8% NaOCl · 8 min (1 paper)
- Surface sterilization · close competitor: 70% ethanol · 40 s → 3% NaOCl · 10 min (1 paper)
- Rooting · close competitor: MS with 0.2 mg/L NAA (1 paper)
- Rooting · close competitor: MS with 1 mg/L NAA (1 paper)
- Shoot regeneration & multiplication · atypical dose: NAA at 0.02 mg/L (low; usual 0.1–0.15)
- Shoot regeneration & multiplication · atypical dose: NAA at 0.5 mg/L (high; usual 0.1–0.15)
References for quoted evidence
- Jabal S, Murshed R, Alabdalla O (2025) In vitro haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in some local types of Syrian cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea var. botrytis L.).. Scientific reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12802-0
- Jiaqi Zou, Xiao Zou, Zhichao Gong, et al. (2023) Thidiazuron Promoted Microspore Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica). Horticulturae · doi:10.3390/horticulturae9030327
- Geetika Gambhir Srivastava DK (2015) Thidiazuron Induces High Frequency Shoot Regeneration in Leaf and Petiole Explants of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata). Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials · doi:10.4172/2155-952x.1000172
- Pankaj Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Srivastava (2015) High frequency organogenesis in hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf and petiole explants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), an important vegetable crop. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · doi:10.1007/s12298-015-0282-6
- Gambhir G, Kumar P, Srivastava DK (2017) High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.. Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · doi:10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005
How to read this report.
- Summaries combine different papers. Media, explants, genotypes and culture conditions differ, so trends are associations, not controlled comparisons.
- Grades reflect how many independent papers agree, not how good the science is. Always read the cited sentence and its paper.
- Papers without open-access full text are read from abstracts only, so some protocols will be missing.
- * close competitor: score within 15% of the leader. Doses are shown in mg/L after unit conversion.