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                    "title": "Establishment of plant regeneration protocol through callus induction of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum l.) var. China using leaf-sheath",
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                    "title": "In vitro regeneration of some promising genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) in Bangladesh",
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                    "title": "Interaction Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid and ?-Naphthalene Acetic Acid on In Vitro Rooting of Two Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Genotypes",
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                "section": "abstract",
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                "sentence": "With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Co449 showed maximum regeneration frequency of 80% with 7.87 ± 1.06 shoots per explants on MS medium with 3% sucrose and 2 mg L-1 BAP + 0.25 mg L-1 Kin.",
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "In vitro regeneration of some promising genotypes of sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) in Bangladesh",
                    "journal": "Plant Science Today",
                    "year": 2025,
                    "doi": "10.14719/pst.9027",
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Regenerasi dan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Varietas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) secara In Vitro",
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                    "title": "Regenerasi dan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Varietas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) secara In Vitro",
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                "article": {
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                "section": "abstract",
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                    "title": "In vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Varieties GUI 11 and PMA 96/48",
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                    "id": "KIN",
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Effect of growth regulators concentrations on in vitro multiplication of three elite sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Genotypes using shoot tip culture",
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                    "title": "High-Frequency Direct Organogenesis of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties of Bangladesh",
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                "section": "abstract",
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                    "title": "Research on the one-step regeneration of sugarcane in KK3 variety (Saccharum officinarum L.) in vitro",
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                "sentence": "MS medium + 5 mg/l α-NAA + 1 mg/l Kinetin supplemented with 30% coconut water showed the highest regeneration ability, reaching 52.95%, number of shoots reaching 52.33 shoots/1 g of young leaf rolls.",
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Research on the one-step regeneration of sugarcane in KK3 variety (Saccharum officinarum L.) in vitro",
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                "sentence": "While in the case of direct organogenesis protocol, the medium containing 1mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA was the best for direct shoot formation.",
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                    "title": "Establishment of regeneration and transformation system of sugarcane cultivar GT54-9 (C9).",
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                    "year": 2011,
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                "sentence": "The highest frequency (80%) of shoot initiation in explants pretreated with 10 mg/l of TDZ was obtained during the study.",
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Enhanced micropropagation and tiller formation in sugarcane through pretreatment of explants with thidiazuron (TDZ).",
                    "journal": "3 Biotech",
                    "year": 2017,
                    "doi": "10.1007/s13205-017-0910-7",
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        },
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            "id": 106,
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
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                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
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                    "as_reported": "1.0 mg L-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "IAA",
                    "name": "IAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.1,
                    "as_reported": "0.1 mg L-1"
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            ],
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                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Problems faced by the sugarcane growers and suggestions given to improve the adoption of recommended sugarcane production technology",
                    "journal": "Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry",
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        },
        {
            "id": 129,
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                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
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                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.5,
                    "as_reported": "0.5 mg/l"
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            ],
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            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The maximum number of shoots (9.8 shoots in Co-86032 and 8.1 shoots in CoM-88121) were observed in me medium MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION STUDIES IN SUGARCANE",
                    "journal": null,
                    "year": 2005,
                    "doi": null,
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        },
        {
            "id": 131,
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            "stage": "shoot",
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            "medium_strength": 1,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 7.5,
                    "as_reported": "7.5 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": 83.33,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The leaf roll section explant of variety Isd 35 cultured on MS medium containing hormonal combination of 7.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l Kn produced the highest percentage (83.33%) of shoot regeneration.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Direct plant regeneration through micropropagation using selected explants of sugarcane",
                    "journal": "International Journal of Advanced Geosciences",
                    "year": 2020,
                    "doi": "10.14419/ijag.v8i2.31100",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 134,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "KIN",
                    "name": "Kinetin",
                    "mg_per_l": 1.5,
                    "as_reported": "1.5 mg/l"
                },
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 1,
                    "as_reported": "1 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
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            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "Four different shoot elongation medium were used and best elongation rate were observed on medium containing 1.5 mg/l Kin + 1 mg/l NAA.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "DIRECT REGENERATION OF SUGARCANE PLANTLETS: A TOOL TO UNRAVEL GENETIC HETEROGENEITY",
                    "journal": null,
                    "year": 2009,
                    "doi": "10.13140/rg.2.2.28819.22563",
                    "pmid": null,
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                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 139,
            "type": "protocol",
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.5,
                    "as_reported": "0.5 mg/l"
                },
                {
                    "id": "KIN",
                    "name": "Kinetin",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.5,
                    "as_reported": "0.5 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": 0.8,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
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            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The highest shoot multiplication (6.60 - 0.80 shoots/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l Kinetin.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Optimized Micropropagation Protocol and Genetic Fidelity Assessment of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) Variety CoLk 11206 using ISSR and SSR Markers",
                    "journal": "International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences",
                    "year": 2026,
                    "doi": "10.59467/ijass.2026.22.211",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 140,
            "type": "protocol",
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
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                    "as_reported": "0.5 mg/l"
                },
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.25,
                    "as_reported": "0.25 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": 5.93,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
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            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "However, with BAP (0.5mg/l) and NAA (0.25mg/l), the number of shoots per culture (5.93) and shoot length (2.42 cm) was also found better.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Optimized Micropropagation Protocol and Genetic Fidelity Assessment of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) Variety CoLk 11206 using ISSR and SSR Markers",
                    "journal": "International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences",
                    "year": 2026,
                    "doi": "10.59467/ijass.2026.22.211",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 144,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
            "explant": "meristem",
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            "medium_strength": 1,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.3,
                    "as_reported": "0.3 mg/l"
                },
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.03,
                    "as_reported": "0.03 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The study showed that highest number of regenerated shoots were obtained from MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.3mg/l) and NAA (0.03mg/l)giving an average of 8 shoot per meristem shoot cultured.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Regeneration of industrial sugarcane using in-vitro plant apical meristem",
                    "journal": "Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding",
                    "year": 2019,
                    "doi": "10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00167.9",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 146,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
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            "basal_medium": "MS",
            "medium_strength": 1,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "KIN",
                    "name": "Kinetin",
                    "mg_per_l": 1,
                    "as_reported": "1.0 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The highest number of multiple shoots was produced on MS medium fortified with KIN 1.0 mg/l.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "An efficient protocol optimization for callus induction, regeneration and acclimatization in sugarcane cv. CO 94012",
                    "journal": "The Pharma Innovation",
                    "year": 2022,
                    "doi": "10.22271/tpi.2022.v11.i4n.11969",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 148,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
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            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "TDZ",
                    "name": "TDZ",
                    "mg_per_l": 1,
                    "as_reported": "1 mg l-1"
                },
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.1,
                    "as_reported": "0.1 mg l-1"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": 80,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The highest regeneration frequency (80.0%) was observed after three weeks of culture on medium containing 1 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Thidiazuron-induced rapid shoot regeneration via embryo-like structure formation from shoot tip-derived callus culture of sugarcane",
                    "journal": "Plant Biotechnology",
                    "year": 2010,
                    "doi": "10.5511/plantbiotechnology.27.365",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 149,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
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            "basal_medium": "MS",
            "medium_strength": 1,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
                    "mg_per_l": 1,
                    "as_reported": "1 mg/l"
                },
                {
                    "id": "NAA",
                    "name": "NAA",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.8,
                    "as_reported": "0.8 mg/l"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "Maximum shoots proliferation was observed on MS medium containing 1mg/l BA and 0.8mg/l NAA.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "New approaches for reducing the cost of the synthetic seeds storage using sugarcane bagasse and different additives to the gel matrix for sugarcane plant in vitro.",
                    "journal": "Egyptian Journal of Botany",
                    "year": 2018,
                    "doi": "10.21608/ejbo.2017.1747.1122",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 150,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "shoot",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "BAP",
                    "name": "BAP",
                    "mg_per_l": 0.5,
                    "as_reported": "0.5 mg/L"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
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            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The results indicated that 0.5 mg/L BAP without NAA produced the most effective response for axillary shoot initiation, as reflected by higher explant survival and improved shoot growth compared to other treatments.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "In Vitro Axillary Shoot Growth of Sugarcane Cultivar ‘AAS Agribun’ under BAP and NAA",
                    "journal": "BIOTIK Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan",
                    "year": 2026,
                    "doi": "10.22373/biotik.v14i2.35501",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 122,
            "type": "protocol",
            "stage": "somatic_embryogenesis",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": "MS",
            "medium_strength": 1,
            "carbon": {
                "source": "sucrose",
                "g_per_l": 30
            },
            "growth_regulators": [
                {
                    "id": "24D",
                    "name": "2,4-D",
                    "mg_per_l": 4,
                    "as_reported": "4 ppm"
                }
            ],
            "response_pct": 40,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": null,
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The results are showed that the optimal induction of embryogenic callus on medium MS + sucrose 30 g / L + CH 300 ppm + 300 ppm PVP + 2,4-D 4 ppm as indicated by the high percentage of explants forming embryogenic callus that is equal to 40% and the respective concentration 2 ppm and 3 ppm is 33,3% and 37,5%.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "abstract",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Induction Somatic Embryogenesis Used 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Kinetin in Spindle Leaf Explant Sugarcane",
                    "journal": "Jurnal ILMU DASAR",
                    "year": 2015,
                    "doi": "10.19184/jid.v16i1.1387",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 43,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "HgCl2",
                        "conc_pct": 0.1,
                        "sec_min": 1800,
                        "sec_max": 1800
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The shoot tops were then surface sterilized using Bavistin™ (0.1%) and streptomycin (0.1%) for 15 min followed by HgCl2 (0.1%) for 30 min and then rinsed with sterile distilled water for 2–3 times.",
                "text_level": "fulltext",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Plant regeneration from cell suspension culture in Saccharum officinarum L. and ascertaining of genetic fidelity through RAPD and ISSR markers.",
                    "journal": "3 Biotech",
                    "year": 2017,
                    "doi": "10.1007/s13205-016-0579-3",
                    "pmid": "28391480",
                    "pmcid": "PMC5385170"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 71,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": "axillary bud",
            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "HgCl2",
                        "conc_pct": 0.1,
                        "sec_min": 420,
                        "sec_max": 420
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The rapid micropropagation technique of sugarcane variety YT55 was studied.Lateral buds as explants source were disinfected by 0.1% solution of mercuric chloride for 7 minutes,then to plant in MS medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA for shoot inducing.The results showed that lots of plantlets were induced.MS was the optimum medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and the medium with 2.0 mg/L NAA for rapid micropropagation and rooting response,respectively.The survival rate was between 90% and 95% when the sugarcane plantlets were transplanted in the medium of wood chaff.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Rapid Micropropagation of Sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.) Variety YT55",
                    "journal": "Zhongguo tangliao",
                    "year": 2012,
                    "doi": null,
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 83,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "HgCl2",
                        "conc_pct": 0.1,
                        "sec_min": 600,
                        "sec_max": 600
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "Surface sterilization with 0.1% mercury chloride for 10 min was used as standard check.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "An alternative safer and cost effective surface sterilization method for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) explants",
                    "journal": "AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY",
                    "year": 2013,
                    "doi": "10.5897/ajb2013.12481",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 84,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": "shoot tip",
            "basal_medium": null,
            "medium_strength": null,
            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "HgCl2",
                        "conc_pct": 0.1,
                        "sec_min": 600,
                        "sec_max": 600
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The study verified that surface sterilization with Berekina 5% ingredients of chlorine for 25 min exposure time is optimal for sugarcane shoot tip decontamination and this treatment combination can replace sterilization with 0.1% mercury chloride for 10 min. Key words: Berekina, mercury chloride, exposure time, shoot tip, in vitro.",
                "text_level": "abstract",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "An alternative safer and cost effective surface sterilization method for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) explants",
                    "journal": "AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY",
                    "year": 2013,
                    "doi": "10.5897/ajb2013.12481",
                    "pmid": null,
                    "pmcid": null
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 97,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "ethanol",
                        "conc_pct": 70,
                        "sec_min": 30,
                        "sec_max": 30
                    },
                    {
                        "reagent": "NaOCl",
                        "conc_pct": 1,
                        "sec_min": 60,
                        "sec_max": 60
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
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            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "Surface sterilization involved 70% ethanol (30 s), 1% sodium hypochlorite (1 min), rinsing twice in sterile distilled water, and drying on sterilized filter paper ().",
                "text_level": "fulltext",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Evaluation of organic vinegar treatments and black gram [<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper] genotypes for the management of pod rot disease caused by <i>Fusarium humuli</i>.",
                    "journal": "Frontiers in plant science",
                    "year": 2026,
                    "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1647478",
                    "pmid": "41937764",
                    "pmcid": "PMC13045857"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 98,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": null,
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "ethanol",
                        "conc_pct": 70,
                        "sec_min": 30,
                        "sec_max": 30
                    },
                    {
                        "reagent": "NaOCl",
                        "conc_pct": 10,
                        "sec_min": 600,
                        "sec_max": 600
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
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            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "Under sterile conditions, the buds were disinfected by immersing them in 70% ethanol for 30 s, followed by immersion in a 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min. The buds were then rinsed 3–4 times with sterile water and dried using sterile filter paper.",
                "text_level": "fulltext",
                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Optimizing Sugarcane Clonal Propagation In Vitro by Using Calcium Ammonium Nitrate and Ammonium Sulfate.",
                    "journal": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)",
                    "year": 2024,
                    "doi": "10.3390/plants13192767",
                    "pmid": "39409637",
                    "pmcid": "PMC11478678"
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": 100,
            "type": "sterilization",
            "stage": "sterilization",
            "explant": null,
            "basal_medium": null,
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            "carbon": null,
            "growth_regulators": [],
            "response_pct": null,
            "shoots_per_explant": null,
            "roots_per_shoot": null,
            "time_days": null,
            "sterilization": {
                "steps": [
                    {
                        "reagent": "bleach",
                        "conc_pct": 50,
                        "sec_min": 1800,
                        "sec_max": 1800
                    }
                ],
                "additives": []
            },
            "aseptic_pct": null,
            "substrate": null,
            "survival_pct": null,
            "papers_agreeing": 1,
            "review": "machine-checked",
            "evidence": {
                "sentence": "The explants were surface sterilized with 50% clorox for 30 minutes.",
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                "section": "methods",
                "article": {
                    "title": "Effect of cytokinins on shoot multiplication in three elite sugarcane varieties",
                    "journal": "Pakistan Journal of Botany",
                    "year": 2009,
                    "doi": null,
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                    "pmcid": null
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            }
        },
        {
            "id": 103,
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                    {
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                "sentence": "For isolation, leaf tissues at the junction of diseased and healthy regions were cut into approximately 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm squares and soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 s, followed by surface sterilization in 5% NaClO for 4 min, rinsed 3 times with sterile water, then placed on a sterilized filter paper to remove residual solution ().",
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                "article": {
                    "title": "Pathogen identification and fungicide screening of Sugarcane White Rash Disease in China.",
                    "journal": "Frontiers in microbiology",
                    "year": 2026,
                    "doi": "10.3389/fmicb.2026.1860711",
                    "pmid": "42440825",
                    "pmcid": "PMC13334388"
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            }
        },
        {
            "id": 128,
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                    {
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                    {
                        "reagent": "ethanol",
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                "sentence": "Riceberry rice seeds (Oryza sativa) were surface-sterilised with 4% NaOCl in an orbital shaker for 1 h and rinsed with sterile distilled water. Seeds were immersed in a 95% ethanol solution for 5 min. Afterwards, the seeds were washed several times with autoclaved double distilled water ().",
                "text_level": "fulltext",
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                "article": {
                    "title": "Characterisation of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Sugarcane and Their Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium moniliforme.",
                    "journal": "Tropical life sciences research",
                    "year": 2021,
                    "doi": "10.21315/tlsr2021.32.3.6",
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            }
        }
    ]
}