{ "generated_at": "2026-10-17T04:58:59+00:00", "generator": "TissueScope 1.0.0", "notice": "Machine-extracted from published literature; every record carries its source sentence. Verify against the cited paper before use.", "plant": { "scientific_name": "Brassica oleracea", "authority": "Brassica oleracea L., 1753", "family": "Brassicaceae", "common_names": "wild cabbage; (Wil) Kual; Atlantischer Wildkohl (DE); Cabbage (EN); Berça; Cabbage; Chou Mollier", "ncbi_taxid": "3712", "gbif_key": "3042845", "last_scanned": "2026-10-16 22:18:25" }, "ranked_protocols": { "callus": [ { "rank": 1, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 100, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "raw": "0.3", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 0.3 }, { "id": "BAP", "raw": "1", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 1 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 56.8, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 184 ] }, { "rank": 2, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 79, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "raw": "1.5", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 1.5 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "1.0", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 1 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 189 ] }, { "rank": 3, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 48, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "raw": "4", "unit": "mg l-1", "mgl": 4 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 10, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 170 ] } ], "somatic_embryogenesis": [ { "rank": 1, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 100, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.2", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 0.2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 178 ] } ], "shoot": [ { "rank": 1, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 2, "corroborated": true, "score_pct_of_leader": 100, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.10", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 100, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 169, 188 ] }, { "rank": 2, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 70, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.220", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.22 } ], "explant": "hypocotyl", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 92.59, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 181 ] }, { "rank": 3, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 69, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.330", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.33 } ], "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 91.11, "shoots_per_explant_median": 3, "record_ids": [ 180 ] }, { "rank": 4, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 69, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.990", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.99 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.02", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.02 } ], "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 84.44, "shoots_per_explant_median": 2.57, "record_ids": [ 182 ] }, { "rank": 5, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 69, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.880", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.88 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.02", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.02 } ], "explant": "hypocotyl", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 81.48, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 183 ] }, { "rank": 6, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 52, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "raw": "3.0", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 3 }, { "id": "KIN", "raw": "2.0", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 190, 191 ] }, { "rank": 7, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 50, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.5", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.5 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "response_pct_median": 86.67, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 168 ] }, { "rank": 8, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 49, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "response_pct_median": 76.66, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 167 ] }, { "rank": 9, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 45, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "raw": "1", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 1 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.2", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 0.2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "response_pct_median": 23.5, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 173 ] }, { "rank": 10, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 43, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "raw": "2", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 2 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 56, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 177 ] }, { "rank": 11, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 42, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.5", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 0.5 }, { "id": "2IP", "raw": "2", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 185 ] }, { "rank": 12, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 41, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.2", "unit": "mg/L", "mgl": 0.2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "response_pct_median": 23.5, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 174 ] }, { "rank": 13, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 33, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "raw": "2", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 2 }, { "id": "IAA", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 }, { "id": "GA3", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": "meristem", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 175 ] }, { "rank": 14, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 33, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "raw": "2", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 2 }, { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.1", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": "meristem", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 176 ] } ], "rooting": [ { "rank": 1, "close_competitor": false, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 100, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.10", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.1 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 100, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 179 ] }, { "rank": 2, "close_competitor": true, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 88, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "0.20", "unit": "mg/l", "mgl": 0.2 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": 93.99, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 187 ] }, { "rank": 3, "close_competitor": true, "papers": 1, "corroborated": false, "score_pct_of_leader": 86, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "raw": "5.37", "unit": "uM", "mgl": 0.99995 } ], "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "response_pct_median": null, "shoots_per_explant_median": null, "record_ids": [ 171 ] } ] }, "sterilization": [ { "key": "56ea21244949a36b1ddcdcc225bd552f08e0d338", "text": "70% ethanol · 30 s → 4% NaOCl · 15 min", "explants": [ "anther" ], "n_papers": 1, "score": 1.24, "aseptic": null, "corroborated": false, "confirmed_n": 0, "evidence": [ 186 ], "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 70, "sec_min": 30, "sec_max": 30 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 4, "sec_min": 900, "sec_max": 900 } ], "rank": 1, "leader": true, "close": false, "score_pct": 100 }, { "key": "200e33f1acd5bd818563f82671c947e96d85bb59", "text": "75% ethanol · 3 min → 8% NaOCl · 8 min", "explants": [], "n_papers": 1, "score": 1.232, "aseptic": null, "corroborated": false, "confirmed_n": 0, "evidence": [ 193 ], "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 75, "sec_min": 180, "sec_max": 180 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 8, "sec_min": 480, "sec_max": 480 } ], "rank": 2, "leader": false, "close": true, "score_pct": 99 }, { "key": "f92241f49bf3b180b9cccbb56dd0eb2d0c0a0e90", "text": "70% ethanol · 40 s → 3% NaOCl · 10 min", "explants": [], "n_papers": 1, "score": 1.228, "aseptic": null, "corroborated": false, "confirmed_n": 0, "evidence": [ 164 ], "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 70, "sec_min": 40, "sec_max": 40 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 3, "sec_min": 600, "sec_max": 600 } ], "rank": 3, "leader": false, "close": true, "score_pct": 99 } ], "acclimatization": [], "records": [ { "id": 170, "type": "protocol", "stage": "callus", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "name": "2,4-D", "mg_per_l": 4, "as_reported": "4 mg l-1" } ], "response_pct": 10, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "In explants inoculated on MS + BS, MS + BS + 10% CW and MS + BS + 4 mg l-¹ 2,4-D different responses such as callus induction, adventitious shoot induction and hypertrophy were observed at different supernatant treatments.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Efficacy of bacterial auxin on in vitro growth of Brassica oleracea L", "journal": "World journal of microbiology & biotechnology", "year": 2007, "doi": "10.1007/s11274-006-9297-z", "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 184, "type": "protocol", "stage": "callus", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "name": "2,4-D", "mg_per_l": 0.3, "as_reported": "0.3 mg/L" }, { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 1, "as_reported": "1 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": 56.8, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "While the maximum rate of callus induction (56.8%) was detected in MS medium (0.3 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L BAP).", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "In vitro haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in some local types of Syrian cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea var. botrytis L.).", "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-12802-0", "pmid": "40730867", "pmcid": "PMC12307971" } } }, { "id": 189, "type": "protocol", "stage": "callus", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "24D", "name": "2,4-D", "mg_per_l": 1.5, "as_reported": "1.5 mg/L" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 1, "as_reported": "1.0 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Different media compositions also varied significantly in callus induction efficiency which was maximum on MS media+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D +1.0 mg/L NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Generation of doubled haploids in cauliflower.", "journal": "Heliyon", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12095", "pmid": "36506371", "pmcid": "PMC9730131" } } }, { "id": 171, "type": "protocol", "stage": "rooting", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.99995, "as_reported": "5.37 uM" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "The best rooting results were achieved on MS + 5.37 μM NAA (for ‘Amager’, ‘Kamienna głowa’, ‘Sława of Enkhuizen’, and ‘Brunświcka’ cultivars).", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "conclusions", "article": { "title": "In vitro regeneration of eight cultivars of Brassica oleracea var. capitata.", "journal": "In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant : journal of the Tissue Culture Association", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s11627-014-9648-7", "pmid": "25774081", "pmcid": "PMC4352192" } } }, { "id": 179, "type": "protocol", "stage": "rooting", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.10 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 100, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Rooting was achieved within two to three weeks on all the rooting media, but MS medium containing 0.10 mg/l NAA produced the maximum number of strong and healthy roots (100%).", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.", "journal": "Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005", "pmid": "28856108", "pmcid": "PMC5565765" } } }, { "id": 187, "type": "protocol", "stage": "rooting", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.2, "as_reported": "0.20 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 93.99, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Maximum rooting ability (93.99%) with healthy and vigorous roots was observed on MS medium containing 0.20 mg/l NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Molecular Analysis of Genetic Stability in In vitro Regenerated Plants of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica )", "journal": null, "year": 2016, "doi": "10.18520/cs/v109/i8/1470-1475", "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 169, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.10 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 100, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 2, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "High percentage root regeneration (100%) in in vitro developed shoots was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 0.10mg/l NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Thidiazuron Induces High Frequency Shoot Regeneration in Leaf and Petiole Explants of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata)", "journal": "Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.4172/2155-952x.1000172", "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 188, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.10 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 100, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 2, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "MS medium supplemented with 0.10 mg/l NAA was found best for root regeneration (100 %) from in vitro developed shoots.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "High frequency organogenesis in hypocotyl, cotyledon, leaf and petiole explants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), an important vegetable crop", "journal": "Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants", "year": 2015, "doi": "10.1007/s12298-015-0282-6", "pmid": "25964720", "pmcid": "PMC4411387" } } }, { "id": 167, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 76.66, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "The highest percentage of cotyledon explant of broccoli cv. Green Dragon King producing shoot (76.66%) and the highest mean number of shoots produced per explant (0.9) were obtained on 0.1 mg/l TDZ with 0.1 mg/l NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from cotyledon explant of Brassica oleracea subsp. italica and Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata using TDZ and NAA", "journal": "Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)", "year": 2014, "doi": null, "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 168, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.5, "as_reported": "0.5 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 86.67, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Meanwhile, the highest percentage of cotyledon explant of cabbage cv. Gianty producing shoots (86.67%) and highest numberof shoots produced per explant (1.1) were recorded on 0.5 mg/l TDZ with 0.1 mg/l NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "In vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from cotyledon explant of Brassica oleracea subsp. italica and Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata using TDZ and NAA", "journal": "Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)", "year": 2014, "doi": null, "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 173, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 1, "as_reported": "1 mg/L" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.2, "as_reported": "0.2 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": 23.5, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "For shoot formation, 1 mg/L BAP in combination with auxin 0.2 mg/L NAA showed the best results with a regeneration of 23.5%.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Improvements in Protoplast Isolation Protocol and Regeneration of Different Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Cultivars.", "journal": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/plants12173074", "pmid": "37687321", "pmcid": "PMC10489862" } } }, { "id": 174, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.2, "as_reported": "0.2 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": 23.5, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Higher regeneration (23.5%) was observed when 0.2 mg/L NAA was added to the regeneration medium in Protocol 1 ().", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "results", "article": { "title": "Improvements in Protoplast Isolation Protocol and Regeneration of Different Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Cultivars.", "journal": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/plants12173074", "pmid": "37687321", "pmcid": "PMC10489862" } } }, { "id": 175, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "meristem", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2 mg/l" }, { "id": "IAA", "name": "IAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" }, { "id": "GA3", "name": "GA3", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "For ornamental red cabbage, the highest percentage of frequency of shoot formation from meristem buds was obtained on MS + 2 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/l GA3 and MS + 2 mg/l BA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "MICROPROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL SPECIES Brassica oleracea cv. Kyoto Red Given AND Ageratum sp.", "journal": "Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences", "year": 2017, "doi": null, "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 176, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "meristem", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "On contrary, the meristem buds of ageratum showed the best percentage of frequency of shoot formation on MS + 2 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l NAA.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "MICROPROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL SPECIES Brassica oleracea cv. Kyoto Red Given AND Ageratum sp.", "journal": "Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences", "year": 2017, "doi": null, "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 177, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.1, "as_reported": "0.1 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 56, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Cotyledons from ornamental red cabbage gave the highest frequency (56%) of shoot formation when initially cultivated on MS + 2 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l NAA, while the ageratum cotyledons responded with necrosis on all media utilized in the research.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "MICROPROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTAL SPECIES Brassica oleracea cv. Kyoto Red Given AND Ageratum sp.", "journal": "Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences", "year": 2017, "doi": null, "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 180, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.33, "as_reported": "0.330 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 91.11, "shoots_per_explant": 3, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Maximum per cent shoot regeneration (91.11%) with maximum number of shoots per explant (2.997) was obtained from the cotyledon explants on MS basal medium containing 0.330 mg/l TDZ with 79.70 mg/l adenine.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.", "journal": "Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005", "pmid": "28856108", "pmcid": "PMC5565765" } } }, { "id": 181, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "hypocotyl", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.22, "as_reported": "0.220 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 92.59, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Whereas, in case of cultured hypocotyl explants, maximum shoot regeneration response (92.59%) with highest number of shoots per explants (2.94) were observed in MS basal medium supplemented with 0.220 mg/l TDZ + 79.7 mg/l adenine.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.", "journal": "Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005", "pmid": "28856108", "pmcid": "PMC5565765" } } }, { "id": 182, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "cotyledon", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.99, "as_reported": "0.990 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.02, "as_reported": "0.02 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 84.44, "shoots_per_explant": 2.57, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Maximum per cent shoot regeneration (84.44%) with mean number of shoots per explant (2.57) were obtained from the cotyledon explants on MS basal medium containing 0.990 mg/l TDZ + 0.02 mg/l NAA in cotyledon explants.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.", "journal": "Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005", "pmid": "28856108", "pmcid": "PMC5565765" } } }, { "id": 183, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": "hypocotyl", "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.88, "as_reported": "0.880 mg/l" }, { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.02, "as_reported": "0.02 mg/l" } ], "response_pct": 81.48, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Whereas, in cultured hypocotyl explants, maximum shoot regeneration (81.48%) with average number of shoots per explants (2.05) were observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.880 mg/l TDZ and 0.02 mg/l NAA ().", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "High frequency regeneration of plants from cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures in Brassica oleracea cv. Pride of India.", "journal": "Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands)", "year": 2017, "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2017.02.005", "pmid": "28856108", "pmcid": "PMC5565765" } } }, { "id": 185, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "NAA", "name": "NAA", "mg_per_l": 0.5, "as_reported": "0.5 mg/L" }, { "id": "2IP", "name": "2iP", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Also, shoot initiation was the best in MS medium (0.5 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L 2iP).", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "In vitro haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in some local types of Syrian cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea var. botrytis L.).", "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-12802-0", "pmid": "40730867", "pmcid": "PMC12307971" } } }, { "id": 190, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 3, "as_reported": "3.0 mg/L" }, { "id": "KIN", "name": "Kinetin", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2.0 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Maximum shoot regeneration was recorded in genotype Kartiki followed by LS-2 when cultured on MS media+3.0 mg/L BAP+2.0 mg/L Kin.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Generation of doubled haploids in cauliflower.", "journal": "Heliyon", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12095", "pmid": "36506371", "pmcid": "PMC9730131" } } }, { "id": 191, "type": "protocol", "stage": "shoot", "explant": null, "basal_medium": "MS", "medium_strength": 1, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "BAP", "name": "BAP", "mg_per_l": 3, "as_reported": "3.0 mg/L" }, { "id": "KIN", "name": "Kinetin", "mg_per_l": 2, "as_reported": "2.0 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Maximum plant regeneration frequency was observed in ‘Kartiki’ genotype upon MS+3.0 mg/L BAP + 2.0 mg/L Kin which indicated that cytokinins played an important role in for shoot regeneration.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "conclusions", "article": { "title": "Generation of doubled haploids in cauliflower.", "journal": "Heliyon", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12095", "pmid": "36506371", "pmcid": "PMC9730131" } } }, { "id": 178, "type": "protocol", "stage": "somatic_embryogenesis", "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [ { "id": "TDZ", "name": "TDZ", "mg_per_l": 0.2, "as_reported": "0.2 mg/L" } ], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": null, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "For ‘Starbor F2’, 0.2 mg/L TDZ treatment achieved the highest embryogenesis rate (1.83-fold higher than the control group) and direct seeding rate (1.61-fold increase), and the lowest mortality rate.", "text_level": "abstract", "section": "abstract", "article": { "title": "Thidiazuron Promoted Microspore Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala var. sabellica)", "journal": "Horticulturae", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3390/horticulturae9030327", "pmid": null, "pmcid": null } } }, { "id": 164, "type": "sterilization", "stage": "sterilization", "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": { "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 70, "sec_min": 40, "sec_max": 40 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 3, "sec_min": 600, "sec_max": 600 } ], "additives": [] }, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "For in vitro germination, seeds were surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol for 40 s and then immersed in 3% sodium hypochlorite for 10 min, followed by rinsing 3-4 times with sterile ddH2O.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "Establishment of a stable, effective and universal genetic transformation technique in the diverse species of Brassica oleracea.", "journal": "Frontiers in plant science", "year": 2022, "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2022.1021669", "pmid": "36311069", "pmcid": "PMC9597678" } } }, { "id": 186, "type": "sterilization", "stage": "sterilization", "explant": "anther", "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": { "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 70, "sec_min": 30, "sec_max": 30 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 4, "sec_min": 900, "sec_max": 900 } ], "additives": [] }, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "They were rinsed in 70% ethanol for 30 s, then immersed in a 4% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 min, followed by three washings with sterile distilled water then placed on sterile filter paper to extract the anthers.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "In vitro haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in some local types of Syrian cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea var. botrytis L.).", "journal": "Scientific reports", "year": 2025, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-12802-0", "pmid": "40730867", "pmcid": "PMC12307971" } } }, { "id": 193, "type": "sterilization", "stage": "sterilization", "explant": null, "basal_medium": null, "medium_strength": null, "carbon": null, "growth_regulators": [], "response_pct": null, "shoots_per_explant": null, "roots_per_shoot": null, "time_days": null, "sterilization": { "steps": [ { "reagent": "ethanol", "conc_pct": 75, "sec_min": 180, "sec_max": 180 }, { "reagent": "NaOCl", "conc_pct": 8, "sec_min": 480, "sec_max": 480 } ], "additives": [] }, "aseptic_pct": null, "substrate": null, "survival_pct": null, "papers_agreeing": 1, "review": "machine-checked", "evidence": { "sentence": "Broccoli seeds were selected and placed in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, soaked in 75% alcohol for 3 min and then in 8% sodium hypochlorite for 8 min, and finally washed 3 times with sterile water for 3 min. After drying on sterile filter paper, the seeds were placed on MS medium for 5-7 days.", "text_level": "fulltext", "section": "methods", "article": { "title": "A highly efficient genetic transformation system for broccoli and subcellular localization.", "journal": "Frontiers in plant science", "year": 2023, "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2023.1091588", "pmid": "36937998", "pmcid": "PMC10018207" } } } ] }